1. HTML 4.01 for the most part, moving to XHTML tho, and doing more and more with XSLT.
2. All pages should validate for your version, and look the same despite browser. If its done right, you page will look the same in IE, FF, Safari etc. I'm not happy till my pages are 99.9% identical across browsers.
3. Semantic, I try to get close too Accessibility rules when possible. And the "visual" part of your question dosen't really make sense.. the tag isn't relevant on the style of the text, the CSS for that tag is.
4. CSS..,its the only way unless its tablular information being displayed. Then tables are just fine, but just not for page layout.
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